The German botanist Dr Karl von Poellnitz is renowned for his detailed taxonomic work on many of the larger species of succulents in Asphodelaceae (Allooideae). He is in fact something of a legend to succulent enthusiasts the world over. An entire genus has even been named after him. The names he gave many of the species that he described in intricate detail are still in use. His work on many of the smaller species of succulents, in families such as Portulacaceae and Crassulaceae, was equally groundbreaking, but is generally not as well known in horticultural circles today. Nevertheless, he diligently named and described many new species in these plant families from all over the world. I encounter his name frequently whenever I do research on the Portulaca genus.
I found myself wanting to learn more about this prominent botanist. My knowledge up to this point had been limited to what others had told me and the little snippets I had picked up while reading various botanical texts. I had been told that he was a member of the German nobility and had died tragically towards the end of the war. But this was really all I had known about him.
To my great surprise there were very few complete biographies of von Poellnitz online. The information is there but scattered, and I later realized that one of the pages contained several inaccuracies. I decided to rectify this by compiling a more detailed biography of the botanist here on my blog. If anyone can contribute more information, I would be most grateful. I am especially indebted to Mr. Heinz Staude for helping fill in some of the gaps in my information and for providing several of the rare photographs which he kindly allowed me to reproduce.
I found myself wanting to learn more about this prominent botanist. My knowledge up to this point had been limited to what others had told me and the little snippets I had picked up while reading various botanical texts. I had been told that he was a member of the German nobility and had died tragically towards the end of the war. But this was really all I had known about him.
To my great surprise there were very few complete biographies of von Poellnitz online. The information is there but scattered, and I later realized that one of the pages contained several inaccuracies. I decided to rectify this by compiling a more detailed biography of the botanist here on my blog. If anyone can contribute more information, I would be most grateful. I am especially indebted to Mr. Heinz Staude for helping fill in some of the gaps in my information and for providing several of the rare photographs which he kindly allowed me to reproduce.
During his early school years he contracted scarlet fever followed by poliomyelitis, which left him partially paralyzed and with impaired speech. He also suffered disturbances of vision and hearing. He regained use of his legs and could eventually walk again with the aid of a cane. Those who knew him respected him greatly for his kindness, patience, candour, and wit. In 1916 he attended university where he studied natural sciences and agriculture, earning his doctorate in the winter of 1920-21. He married Margarethe Lange on the 8th September 1921. They had studied Natural Science together at the university.
Instead of immediately pursuing a professional career, he devoted himself increasingly to his father's estate, the Schloss und Rittergut von Oberlödla in Altenburg. The estate had been purchased by his direct ancestors in 1783 and it comprised more than 400 acres of farming land. He inherited this estate on the death of his father, Arndt, in September, 1921.
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| The Schloss und Rittergut von Oberlödla. Some six generations of the family von Poellnitz lived there between 1783 and 1945. Photo courtesy of Mr Heinz Staude. |
Apart from managing the estate, he developed a passionate interest in leaf succulents. He kept a greenhouse full of exotic plants and spent a great deal of time with them. He soon became renowned for his very specific and systematic approach to taxonomy on many plant species that had been previously neglected by science. He was unfortunately prevented from travelling due to his poor health, however he maintained a close network of friends, botanical explorers and other naturalists who kept him supplied with interesting plant material for study.
His particular area of work and research was given to the Liliaceae, Asphodelaceae (Allooideae), Crassulaceae, and Portulacaceae and he actively encouraged the collecting of these plant families in their home countries. He is remembered particularly for his work on the species of the genus Haworthia. His revisions and key to Haworthia were ground breaking and clarified many of the former ambiguities within the genus. His keys, descriptions, specimens and photographs are still frequently referenced to this day. He also worked extensively on the genera Adromischus, Anacampseros, Echeveria, Pachyphytum, and Portulaca. From 1929 to 1945 he published (either as author or co-author) 215 new plant names, 175 of which were new taxa and 40 were new combinations.
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| Dr Karl von Poellnitz in 1940 Photo courtesy of Mr Heinz Staude. |
The von Poellnitz family at one time consisted of 3 sons and 1 daughter. The youngest son, Lutz, died in a farming accident at harvest time. The eldest son Arndt and his younger brother Heinrich survived the war. Following their detainment by the Russians they were initially released, but were then arrested and sent to work as forced labour in the brown coal mine. However they managed to escape and successfully fled to West Germany. Arndt was tragically killed in an Allied passenger transport accident in Bad Salzuflen in 1947. Heinrich von Poellnitz still lives in Germany with his daughter.
People inevitably ask the question, why was the tiny rural village of Oberlödla bombed so heavily? From my research it would appear that the bombing was mainly an unfortunate consequence of its proximity to the coal-oil refineries at Schelditz. The large lignite deposits in west Thuringia supplied brown coal briquettes which the Schelditz plant turned into smoldering tar to make (among other things) electrode coke and fuel oil/diesel. The refinery in Schelditz was located only several kilometres west-north-west of the von Poellnitz estate at Oberlödla.
War time reconnaissance photos shows the von Poellnitz estate in April 1945, the castle in ruins and the surrounding landscape heavily cratered. The same RAF sortie took photos of the large lignite mine nearby and the devastated chemical oil refinery at Schelditz. They had clearly been of great interest to the allied forces. Schelditz was nearly wiped off the map as a consequence of the bombing. It was later incorporated with Rositz by municipality reform on 5 July 1950.
"Operation Thunderclap" dropped some of the heaviest bombs of the war (up to 4000 pounds) and employed the tactic of saturation bombing. The goal of the operation was to disrupt the rear supply areas of the German Eastern Front lines, destroy the morale of factory workers, and aid the Soviet advance. The von Poellnitz estate was most likely bombed by accident as a consequence of the widespread saturation bombing in the district. Some people believe the estate may have been mistaken for a military site and deliberately targeted. In either case, the size and prominence of the castle and manor (compared to other buildings in the landscape) would have undoubtedly contributed to its downfall. Whether it was targeted mistakenly or hit purely by accident is speculative. Perhaps the truth is still buried somewhere in Allied archives.
The following paragraphs were translated from the Community of Rositz page: "Gelditz in alten Zeiten" © 2013 (http://www.gemeinde-rositz.de)
"The time of the Second World War counts as the darkest chapter in Schelditz long history. It brought a lot of suffering, misery and distress on the Schelditzer citizens. In 1944 the DEA mineral oil works were often the target of the Allied Air Force.
http://www.gemeinde-rositz.de/uploads/pics/dea_nach_bombenangriff_1944.jpg
"Already in the first attack on 16 August 1944 were destroyed 70 percent of the plants. Forced labourers were used mostly to repair the damage. In and around Rositz eight forced labour camps were built. The largest of these labour camps was in the local area of Schelditz (now home to the old Autohaus in the outskirts). It was officially under the Organisation Todt. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_Todt#1938-1942:_Organisation_.27Todt.27 The prisoners were supervised by the Gestapo, SS and Dutch older guards. [Some of the old DEA buildings still exist today along the Straße der Chemiearbeiter ("Street of Chemical Workers").]
"The 800 inmates were used for the heaviest physical labour in the DEA. Due to the proximity to the DEA, Schelditz also suffered particularly from the bombing. Time and again, when the sirens wailed, the Schelditzer citizens sought refuge in an air raid shelter named Pflaumenberg ("Plum Mountain"). The most devastating air attack for Schelditz was dated 14 February 1945. Then 1,000 bombs were dropped by the Anglo-American airmen over the DEA. The plant was ablaze, the sky turned bright red and the black clouds of smoke covered the surrounding villages. The pool, many of the farm buildings and houses were severely damaged, the freehold, completely razed apart from an outbuilding. 18 people were found dead. The neighboring Gut Quaas, heutige Talstraße 1 (the "Valley Road 1"), paid for in 1931 by Bruno Markscheffel, was strongly impacted; house and barn were destroyed, the barn was razed to the ground."
The following is a direct copy of an entry from Martin Middlebrook's publication, The Bomber Command War Diaries An Operational Reference Book 1939-1945, Midland Publishing, 1995. The entry is very telling, as it outlines how the accuracy of these raids could be compromised by poor weather conditions.
14/15 February 1945The crews of Bomber Command were understandably fulfilling a vital role in the war effort in conditions that could only be described as atrocious. On the night of the 14th February, the bombing raids were substantially off target due to the persistent cloud cover. The Allies thoroughly documented the on-ground successes and failures of every mission by follow-up aerial reconnaissance. One such sortie on 14th March, 1945 (exactly one month after the bombing raid) captured the von Poellnitz estate in mid-frame. The image shows that many of the bombs intended for the Schelditz refinery had fallen well short of their mark. They had landed some distance to the south, on open countryside or on the adjoining village of Oberlödla. The craters that are clearly evident in the nearby open fields vary in size from around 8 to almost 20 metres in diameter (based on the 1 : 10,000 scale of the photo).
Operation Thunderclap
Chemnitz: 499 Lancasters and 218 Halifaxes of Nos 1, 3,4,6 and 8 Groups to continue Operation Thunderclap. 8 Lancasters and 5 Halifaxes lost. This raid took place in two phases, 3 hours apart. A very elaborate diversion plan succeeded in keeping bomber casualties down but Chemnitz - now called Karl-Marx-Stadt - was also spared from the worst effects of its first major RAF raid. Both parts of the bomber force found the target area covered by cloud and only skymarking could be employed. Post-raid reconnaissance showed that many parts of the city were hit but that most of the bombing was in open country.
224 Lancasters and 8 Mosquitos of No 5 Group attacked the oil refinery in Rositz near Leipzig. 4 Lancasters were lost. Damage was caused to the southern part of the oil plant.
Diversionary and 95 aircraft of No 3 Group and of Heavy Conversion Units on a sweep into the Heligoland Bight, 46 Mosquitos to Berlin, 19 to Mainz, 14 to Dessau, 12 to Duisburg, 11 to Nuremberg and 8 to Frankfurt, 21 RCM sorties, 87 Mosquito patrols, 30 Lancasters and 24 Halifaxes minelaying in the Kadet Channel. 5 Halifaxes and 1 Lancaster lost from the minelaying force.
Total effort for the night: 1,316 sorties, 23 aircraft (1.7 per cent) lost.
By the end of 1948 almost the entire manor complex on the von Poellnitz estate had been demolished. Today only the original arched entrance and gateway to the estate remains intact and is evidently still in use. The northern outer wall of the main building with its arched window openings still stands next to a large pile of rubble. Most of the outlying farm buildings are gone, but sections of the outer walls of the estate grounds still remain. The neighbouring church survived, although it too was damaged by bombing. It was renovated in 1949/1951.
Recent photos of these historical features can be viewed at the following website. http://oberloedla-geschichte.jimdo.com/
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| Above: The remains of the outer walls of the von Poellnitz estate in May 2010. Click thumbnail for full size image. Photo © Mr Heinz Staude. |
Fortunately, von Poellnitz had sent most of his plant specimens to the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem, where they were photographed and preserved. But there too most of the preserved specimens were destroyed by bombing during the Second World War, but at least the photographs survived. In addition, von Poellnitz had also taken his own photographs of his plants. His collection of photos came into the care of Prof. Werdermann who forwarded them to the museum in 1948. The photographs of his plants have generally not been recognized by many botanists, except M.B. Bayer who designated a few as lectotypes in 1971.
In September 1999, researchers discovered several Haworthia specimens preserved in alcohol during a review of material in the herbarium of the Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. The labels on the jars clearly showed that the specimens had been prepared by von Poellnitz himself, between 1930 and 1933. The jars had escaped the destruction of holotypes during the Second World War, because they had fortunately been housed in a part of the building not destroyed in 1943.
As stated on the BGBM website,
"Around the beginning of 1943 a sorting out of types and other authentic material was begun. Unfortunately, this effort was not finished when the Herbarium building was destroyed by fire in a bombing raid on the night of March 1-2, 1943."
""The loss of the Berlin herbarium is a catastrophe of major proportions to world botany" wrote Merrill (1943), who continued: "This herbarium, one of the largest and most important in the world, . . . contained the basic historical collections of Germany outside of those at Munich. Scores of thousands of type specimens from all parts of the world were thus destroyed". "Fortunately again, perhaps due to the perceived risks associated with housing specimens in Berlin, the type specimen of Portulaca terrae-reginae had been returned promptly to Stockholm after being described by von Poellnitz. The photographic plate on the duplicate sheet clearly depicts the same specimens that exist today on the type sheet in Stockholm. It is difficult to ascertain if the fragments on the duplicate sheet in Berlin-Dahlem represent the remains of specimens that survived the war, or if these fragments were complemented more recently from the type sheet in Stockholm. Considering that there are several complete specimens on the type sheet, we can assume that von Poellnitz would have included at least one whole specimen on the duplicate sheet. It is therefore likely that the fragments on the duplicate sheet are all that survived the 1943 bombing.
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| Above: Damage to the herbarium at Berlin-Dahlem following an Allied air raid in 1943. A high explosive bomb and several phosphorus canisters struck the Botanical Museum on the night of March 1, killing the senior preparator and wounding two further people. The subsequent fire in the herbarium wing almost completely destroyed the herbarium and library. © Archiv, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin. |
War destroys many innocent lives and there is little sympathy in the machinations of megalomaniacal dictators for plants or, for that matter, those who appreciate or study plants. So much that is destroyed by war is irreplaceable and therefore priceless.
The Reich Ministry for Science, Education and Culture granted the Botanical Museum of Berlin-Dahlem immediate funds of one million Reichsmarks for repairs, along with an annual grant of 50,000 Reichsmarks. Such a generous payment in the closing years of the war seems unbelievable, but was nevertheless true!
The cynic in me suspects that the immediate availability of funds was little more than a propaganda tool and "face-saving" exercise, considering that the Third Reich was by that time massively in debt. The funds were probably intended to show the British and American forces that all was still well in Berlin and Germany's cultural heritage would be quickly restored, no matter what the Allies dropped on them. Regardless of the underlying political motives, the funds were at least very opportune.
The herbarium used some of the money to shift books and specimens all over Germany into relative "safe havens", including the tunnels of the Bleicherode Ost potash mine near Nordhausen in the Harz mountains, which was in von Poellnitz's home state of Thuringia. Most were lost and never returned, however the Bleicherode collection did survive, only to fall into the hands of the Russians after the war. Part of the collection was returned in 1948 (and the rest much later) following "difficult negotiations". [Source: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin website, 18 August 2010 http://bgbm3.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/bgbm/research/colls/herb/hist3.htm and http://bgbm3.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/bgbm/research/colls/herb/hist3.htm].
Mr Ingo Breuer published the collection of von Poellnitz photographs of Haworthia species with a discussion of their typification in 1999.
The estate of von Poellnitz contained an area of broken, timbered country known as the "Lödlaer Bruch". The Lödlaer Bruch together with the Schlauditzer Holz was gazetted a Nature Reserve (NSG 184) in 1961/67. Opencast mining in the distant past had created a water-filled hole and partially damp or wet locations. These are surrounded mostly by low ridges of linden, rich English oak-hornbeam forest, and bird cherry-alder-ash forest, through to open areas of dry grassland. The 33.2 ha provides valuable habitat for a wide diversity of species. For example, the Large wasp spider is at home there.
Due to the radical change in the political ideology of Soviet-occupied East Germany, the von Poellnitz family received no acknowledgement for their previous role in the management of the land that was once a part of their estate. This was despite their stewardship of the land for 6 generations. As was the case throughout East Germany, local communities were forbidden from publicly honouring the memory of anyone of noble birth in relation to their former material assets. The Soviets on their arrival in July 1945 immediately introduced reforms to dismantle all traces of an (already long past) "agrarian feudal system". By September/October some of the land was redistributed in very small lots to former estate workers, while all of the timbered areas, including the Lödlaer Bruch, were expropriated as the "property of the nation". Most of the buildings on the former estate were dismantled to supply building materials for the new farms and the repair of the nearby villages. This took place regardless of the cultural, heritage, and economic worth of the rural estates. Building materials were in very short supply following the war. However, the villagers did not dismantle the only wall of the castle that remained standing. Such was their great respect and admiration for the family who had lived and died there.
A plaque or monument has never been placed at the site of the former estate to connect it to its history. Only a sign exists there today in the thickening regrowth, which reads "Ruin. Entry forbidden. Parents are responsible for their children." Although very little physical evidence has been preserved to connect the von Poellnitz family to this once extensive property, the older residents of Oberlödla still remember the family with great fondness and respect.
In the more enlightened times in which we live today, the role of history in the landscape can again be studied and appreciated. For instance, the Lödlaer Bruch Nature Reserve could (despite the tragic set of historical circumstances which produced it) be observed as a fitting tribute to a gentle and peaceful man who gave so much to the study of our natural world.
The von Poellnitz family Friedhof in the town contains the well tended graves of this greatly respected botanist, his family and close relatives. The family plot forms part of the tranquil, garden-like setting of the village cemetery, and upon it the aptly planted mossy succulent, Sedum album, grows all around.
Links:
The following links are provided solely for research purposes and with the intention of providing historical context. Copyright remains with the owners of the respective images and webpages.
> Period photos of the von Poellnitz Rittergut and Schloss (manor and castle):
http://static3.akpool.de/images/cards/9/95720.jpg
> Photo of the restored MarienKirche (Church of St. Mary), as it exists today.
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/44047976.jpg
> The church, sections of the outer walls, and the ruins of the main building as they appear today.
http://oberloedla-geschichte.jimdo.com/fotogalerie-kirche-und-ruinen/
> A painting of the Oberlödla estate hangs in the foyer of the church. (Thank you to Mr Heinz Staude for kindly supplying this photo):
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjYymr_O0y0cxzP1mnbEqFBRSPhNb29Yt-RXkbPvjrL6W0JsQtfv3v7CdoBN5-T4XMsJXa2k713_eNogq_Q3NNXZGPOBeGa0GE4C0Q0NjWsP8f0qcbghaA1kkZyFXQABlN8_acjm3SCZwd/w904-h642-no/poellnitz_estate5.jpg
> Original lithograph of the Oberlödla estate by W. Wegener von I.. H. Kretzschau in 1835.
http://geo.viaregia.org/testbed/Material.Datenbank/Altenburg.09/Rittergut.mit.Kirche.jpg
> Google Earth location of the former von Poellnitz manor and castle (WGS84 map datum).
Decimal degrees: 50.996100N, 12.386143E
Lat/Long: 50° 59' 45.96"N, 12° 23' 10.11"E
View Larger Map
> Heavy carpet bombing evident in aerial sortie images of Schelditz and Unterlödla taken on 10 April 1945. (Only thumbnail images are available, but for 15 GBP you can purchase the right to zoom in!)
The von Poellnitz estate at Oberlödla is close to the centre bottom of this photo.
http://aerial.rcahms.gov.uk/database/record.php?usi=006-003-003-146-C&scache=22c6xeqael&searchdb=tara_scran
The estate is close to the bottom right of the next photo.
http://aerial.rcahms.gov.uk/database/record.php?usi=006-003-003-147-C&scache=42g7geqaei&searchdb=tara_scran
> The estate of von Poellnitz at Oberlödla through time.
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| 1802 map superimposed on to a 2009 aerial photo. Click on thumbnail to zoom. |
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| 14 Apr 1945 aerial superimposed on 2009 aerial. Click on thumbnail to zoom. |
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| 2009 aerial photo (without historical overlay). Click on thumbnail to zoom. |
> The aftermath of the bombing in Schelditz on the fateful night of 14th February, 1945.
http://www.gemeinde-rositz.de/uploads/pics/schelditz_1945_nach_bombenangriff.jpg
> The von Poellnitz Familie Friedhof in Oberlödla
http://geo.viaregia.org/testbed/index.pl?rm=obj&objid=163
http://oberloedla-geschichte.jimdo.com/fotogalerie-friedhof-familie-von-poellnitz/
> The significance of the Lödlaer Bruch Naturschutzgebiet (Nature Reserve) near Oberlödla
http://mannis-naturell.jimdo.com/naturschutzgebiete/
> Newsletter of the Botanic Garden Berlin-Dahlem 1943-1944.
PDF file for download:
http://www.bgbm.org/bgbm/library/publikat/BGBM_yrs/3994873.pdf
Viewable online:
http://www.yumpu.com/de/document/view/5269278/botanischen-gartens-und-museums-zu-berlin-dahlem
> Lack, H. Walter (Hrsg.). Humboldts Grüne Erben Der Botanische Garten und das Botanische Museum in Dahlem 1910 bis 2010. Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, 2010.
PDF file for download:
http://www.bgbm.org/bgbm/pr/archiv/pressreleases/2010_04_13_Katalog.pdf
Further Reading:
Bayer, M. B. The New Haworthia Handbook. National Botanic Gardens of South Africa. Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, 1982.
Breuer, Ingo. Haworthia photographs used to typify taxa described by Dr. Karl von Poellnitz. Ingo Breuer and Arbeitskreis für Mammillarienfreunde e.V., Heinsberg, 1999.
Bullock, A. A. Flora of Southern Africa: A. Bibliography of South African Botany (up to 1951). Dept. of Agriculture Technical Services, Republic of South Africa, 1978.
Kessler, Hans Joachim; Mende, Reinhard. Altenburger Land: Streifzüge entlang der Blauen Flut, der Pleisse, Sprotte, Schnauder und Wiera. Altenburg: DZA-Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft, 1996.
Lack, H. Walter (Hrsg.). Humboldts Grüne Erben Der Botanische Garten und das Botanische Museum in Dahlem 1910 bis 2010. Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin, 2010.
Middlebrook, Martin. The Bomber Command War Diaries An Operational Reference Book 1939-1945, Midland Publishing, 1995.
Nienhold, Christiane et. al. ... und nachmittags fuhren wir nach Nöbdenitz segeln! Rittergüter im Altenburger Land und ihre Gärten. Museum Burg Posterstein 2007.
Poellnitz, Gisela von. Die Familie von Poellnitz (Pölnitz) in Ostthüringen. In: "Burgen, Schlösser, Gutshäuser in Thüringen". Hrsg. Bruno J. Sobotka und Jürgen Strauss. Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart 1994. S. 202-206.
Poellnitz, Heinrich von. 1945 - Schicksalsjahr für Oberlödla. In: Die Altenburger Geschichts- und Hauskalender. Vol. 3, 1994, p. 48.
Poellnitz, Heinrich von. 825 Jahre Oberlödla: das Rittergut Oberlödla. In: Die Altenburger Geschichts- und Hauskalender. Vol. 16, 2007, pp. 121-124.
Poellnitz, Karl von. Anacampseros meyeri. In: Monatsschrift der Deutschen Kakteen-Gesellschaft. 3: 218, 1931.
Poellnitz, Karl von. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Talinum Adans. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. 51: 112-127, 1933.
Poellnitz, Karl von. Mongraphie der Gattung Talinum Adans. In: Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 35: 1-34, 1934.
Poellnitz, Karl von. Anacampseros L. Versuch einer Monographie. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. 65: 382-448, 1932-1933; Addendum, Feddes Repert. 33: 72-73 (1933); Ibid. 35: 46-48 (1934).
Poellnitz, Karl von. Zurr Kenntnis der Gattung Anacampseros L. I-IV. In: Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 26: 242-249 (1929); Ibid. 27: 129-132 (1929); Ibid. 28: 27-32, 97-100 (1930); Addendum I, Ibid. 33: 72-73 (1933); Addendum II, Ibid. 35: 46-48 (1934).
Poellnitz, Karl von. Versuch einer Monographie der Gattung Portulaca L.. In: Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 37: 240-320, 1934.
Poellnitz, Karl von. New Species of Portulaca from Southeastern Polynesia. In: Volume 6 of Mangarevan expedition publication. Occasional papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History. Volume 12, Issue 9. The Bishop Museum, 1936, pp. 1-6.
Poellnitz, Karl von. The Portulacaceae East Africa. In: Boletim Sociedade da Broteriana, Coimbra, page 22, 1940.
Poellnitz, Karl von. Die Portulacaceae Deutsch-Südwest-Africas (Portulaca, Talinum, Anacampseros). In: Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 48: 215-224, 1940
Poellnitz, Karl von. Zwei neue Portulaca-Arten. In: Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis (RSN) 48(4-11): 117-118, 20 May 1940.
Poellnitz, Karl von. Die Portulacaceen in Africa. In: Boletim Sociedade da Broteriana, Coimbra, 2(15): 149-158), 1941.
Smith, Gideon F. Taxonomic History of Poellnitzia Uitewaal. A Unispecific Genus of Alooideae (Asphodelaceae). In: Haseltonia, No. 2, 1994, pp. 74-78.
Stafleu, Frans A. and Cowan, Richard S. Taxonomic Literature: A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Volume IV: P-Sak. 2nd Edition. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht/Antwerpen dr. W. Junk b.v., Publishers, The Hague/Boston, 1983.
Staude, Heinz. All re: Dr. Karl von Poellnitz to Poellnitzia rubiflora and Haworthia poellnitziana. In Spinette, Journal of the Cactus and Succulent Society. Dec., 2011, pp. 4-8.
Strassmann, Ingolf. NSDAP / SA Sturmabteilung Altenburg Nationalsozialsmus 3.Reich
Ingolf Strassmann: Altenburg in Thuringia. Town and Country in the Third Reich 1933-1945. Altenburg 2003.
Zantner, Alfred. Dr. Karl von Poellnitz. In: Sukkulentenkunde - yearbooks of the Swiss Cactus Society, 1948, p. 63.
Wikipedia pages:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Poellnitz
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lödla
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberlödla
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